North Korea officially describes itself as a "self-reliant" socialist state, and formally holds elections,[24] though said elections have been described by outside observers as sham elections.[25][26] Various media outlets have called it Stalinist,[35] particularly noting the elaborate cult of personality around Kim Il-sung and his family. The Workers' Party of Korea (WPK), led by a member of the ruling family,[36] holds power in the state and leads the Democratic Front for the Reunification of the Fatherland of which all political officers are required to be members.[37] Juche, an ideology of national self-reliance, was introduced into the constitution in 1972.[38][39] The means of production are owned by the state through state-run enterprises and collectivized farms. Most services such as healthcare, education, housing and food production are subsidized or state-funded.[40] From 1994 to 1998, North Korea suffered a famine that resulted in the deaths of between 240,000 and 420,000 people,[41] and the population continues to suffer malnutrition. North Korea follows Songun, or "military-first" policy.[42] It is the country with the highest number of military and paramilitary personnel, with a total of 9,495,000 active, reserve and paramilitary personnel, or approximately 37% of its population. Its active duty army of 1.21 million is the fourth largest in the world, after China, the United States and India;[43] consisting of 4.8% of its population. It possesses nuclear weapons.source:wikipedia